危险化学品泄漏事故的混沌动力学特性分析

为探讨如何有效地预防和控制危险化学品泄漏事故,运用混沌理论方法对焦作市某化工厂泄漏事故统计数据进行了时间序列分析和R/S分析,指出危险化学品泄漏事故具有明显的混沌特性。分析和讨论了危险化学品泄漏事故的混沌特性,并对后续短期内可能发生的事故进行了预测。     

不同水稻品种对钒的积累及化学形态

通过盆栽试验,研究了钒（V）胁迫下不同品种水稻植株中钒的积累和化学形态。结果表明,不同品种水稻各器官中V的分布为根＞茎＞叶＞子实,两种水稻品种吸收的V主要富集在根部。水稻生长期新优188水稻各器官中V的浓度均低于十优838水稻,如在V处理浓度为100 mg·kg-1时,在分蘖期、扬花期、灌浆期和成熟期,新优188水稻植株根中V含量分别为73.10、92.56、57.46、57.81 μg·g-1,茎叶中为8.79、4.52、2.13、2.56 μg·g-1;十优838水稻植株根中的V含量为59.14、94.93、88.59、89.70 μg·g-1,茎叶中为4.64、3.66、2.29、3.24 μg·g-1。推断十优838水稻较新优188水稻有较强的V吸收能力。两种水稻品种中,根部V主要以活性较低的盐酸提取态（FHCl）和醋酸提取态（FHAc）为主,茎和叶中V主要以盐酸提取态（FHCl）和水提取态（Fw）为主,认为V在水稻根部多以难溶于水的重金属磷酸盐或草酸盐而被固定,限制了水稻中V转移到茎和叶,从而避免了高浓度V对植物光合作用及其他生理过程的干扰。     

“Standards” as a Service Marketing Tool

Abstract

Standards have the potential to be a significant tool in the marketing of services, just as they have been in the marketing of products. Ranging from regulatory to voluntary, product-based to producer-based, standards can increase the competitive position of a product by reducing customer uncertainty. However, the lack of a framework for understanding and designing standards has limited their application in service industries.

Examination of existing standards suggests a framework of five key dimensions. Through the example of chemical management services (CMS) we show how this can be done, resulting in three options for the CMS industry. Using this framework as a guide, other service industries can determine if a standard would provide significant competitive advantage and, if so, design the optimal standard for their market conditions.     

Evaluating the impact of rising fertilizer prices on crop yields

Because of tensions on fossil energy and phosphorus markets, the rise in fertilizer prices observed during the last decades may continue in the future, putting into question production pathways relying heavily on crop intensification. To evaluate how, in this context, economic choices may alter crop yields, we first construct different fertilizer price scenarios to 2050 based on an econometric relation with oil and gas prices. Other possible scenarios, such as the continuation of historical trends, are also considered. The resulting changes in fertilizer price range between +0.8% and +3.6% per year over the 2005–2050 period. These scenarios are tested in a global land‐use model incorporating an endogenous representation of the land–fertilizer substitution. We find that the supply‐side response to rising fertilizer prices could lower crop yields in 2050 from ?6% to ?13%, with a corresponding increase in global cropland area ranging between 100 and 240 Mha if the demand for food and nonfood products has to be met. The sensitivity of these results is tested with regard to assumptions on food consumption, change in potential yield and nutrient use efficiency.     

油泥制备再生胶实验研究

采用油泥为再生剂对废硫化橡胶进行再生,考察了再生工艺和再生体积配方对再生效果的影响。实验结果表明：在脱硫温度为200℃,反应压力为2MPa,油泥与废胶粉用量比小于10时,反应6h,可以使硫化胶再生．得到的再生胶的硫化性能、物理机械性能和生物毒性基本达标。     

农药生产废水处理研究

结合工程实例,根据农药厂各生产车间的废水水质特点,先行就地进行化学氧化、还原、置换处理,然后将预处理后的各车间废水统一汇总至综合处理系统进行生化处理,同时在生化处理之后增加芬顿氧化池和MBR池进行强化处理,以确保出厂废水达标排放。     

RFID技术在剧毒品物流管理中的运用

分析我国剧毒品物流管理中存在的问题,结合现代物流管理的特点,提出利用RFID技术建立剧毒品仓储监控、运输监控和网络监控平台,提高剧毒品物流管理水平。     

决策树法在某化工厂扩能改造决策中的应用

基于某化工厂扩能改造的实际需求,提出改造局部工艺来提高产量、大改造来提高产量、解决关键瓶颈设备来提高产量三个备选方案。应用决策树法对备选方案进行分析计算,三个备选方案的益损期望值分别为1520.62万元、1197.48万元、1648.33万元,解决关键瓶颈设备来提高产量为最佳方案。     

在有机化学实验教学改革中贯穿学生创新能力培养的探索与实践

介绍了在有机化学实验教学改革中贯穿学生创新能力培养的实践。详细阐述了通过有机化学实验教学方法改革、增加综合实验、设计实验、开放实验等改革措施,从而提高了学生的创新能力和初步科研能力。     

Means-end chain analysis explains soil fertility management decisions by peri-urban vegetable growers in Kenya

Past studies of the use of soil fertility management strategies by farmers usually model input use decisions based on the neoclassical utility/profit maximization principle in which farmers use soil fertility management inputs primarily to increase revenues and profits. However, there is, to date, no study that explains exactly how this decision-making process occurs and the role which personal values play in driving the choice of soil fertility management inputs. This article systematically maps the relationship between choice of soil fertility management strategy (attributes), its outcomes (consequences) and the personal values that motivate the choice. It specifically uses the means-end chain approach to construct hierarchical value maps that relate the attributes to consequences, and ultimately to the personal values. The study finds that the use of soil fertility management strategies by peri-urban fresh vegetable growers is driven by five personal values, namely happiness, comfortable life, independence, good/healthy life and achievement of life goals. It also finds that while farmers seek to increase profit (hence incomes), profit maximization is not the end driver of the use of soil fertility management inputs. It concludes that a lot more goes into farmers’ decision-making process relating to the use of soil fertility management practices than can be explained by the neoclassical profit/utility maximization principle. The study discusses the policy implications of these findings.